In my experience, LinuxCNC/RPi4 occasionally generates some unhappy real time messages image missing /media/kunena/emoticons/sad.png. Don't think I've ever seen it cause a real problem though. Haven't updated my OS is a couple years, perhaps the new versions eliminate these messages.
Original plan was to update to RPi5. We of course know what happened to the RPi5 schedule image missing /media/kunena/emoticons/shocked.png. Looks like RPI5 will soon be widely available image missing /media/kunena/emoticons/smile.png.
If this is accurate:
gadgetversus.com/processor/broadcom-bcm2...vs-broadcom-bcm2711/
RPi5 has a substantially improved processor. 2-3x performance reports. But for real time considerations, probably what happens is some task in the OS occasionally goes off and flushes the real time stuff out of the cache. BCM2712 has double the cache capacity and a claimed 3x memory max bandwidth. This should significantly help real time performance.
Would expect the real time performance of RPi5 to be quite a bit better. I think we'll soon find out.