1) As I know HAL Show doesn't have realtime reload. I don't see changing of the variable in it.
Insteat of HAL Show I use HAL Meter.
Try HAL Meter for this reason.
2) As for inductive sensors they could not support resistor connection because of lack of the power.
In the past tried to connect inductive sensor in parallel of PLC input and Relay Coil. I was insuccesful in this. PLC input doesn' saw the change of inductive sensor. So only Relay Coil or PLC Input. In your situation you are doing the same but only with resistor (not inductance).
So as Summary:
-use hal Meter to look the state of variable
- to change that variable use short wire between P10 and GND. It's possible that you have damaged your P10 input, so reconfigure to P9.
- if you have succeded then buy NPN sensors and that one live for arduino.
- else if not, then I don't know what, maybe buy another board for this
- else if not, then don't use e-stop and limit switches and try to use without them. On my CNC 2 years I succesfully work without any limit switch and E-stop is only for button Turn-on. If you know how to work on CNC router, you don't need any limits and E-stops.