Information on wiring cnc machines, power, BOB, Mesa, e-stop, limits etc.

This is a gathering of information about wiring CNC machines, be it Plasma, Mill, Lathe, Robot, Laser etc.
Also information on wiring, including but not limited to : Parallel port, BOB's, Mesa series of boards, Pico systems boards, plasma power sources, spindles, drives, VFD's ( not RS485 ) etc.

As any good source of information on wiring should, lets start with Grounding as it is very simple and very important........ to be continued

=====Power supply=====
== what type of setup and what is needed for each type, the general info:

===For stepper systems
-- a simple mains ON/OFF switch for the power,
a circuit breaker inline with power supply,
enable from Linuxcnc wired to enable on the drives
--- The reason for this is that no matter what happens to drives in the event of a failure, the motors can not spin on their own.

===For DC Brushed servo systems
-- a mains switch,
circuit breaker/s ( single or 3 phase ),
a 4 pole relay (2 pole for single phase, but i buy 4 poles so i use that) controlled by Linuxcnc from E-Stop and relays wired as Extreme Limits and physical e-stops.
When using toroidal or normal "box" transformers that is all i use, since the energy stored in the capacitors is not sufficient to do any damage to the machine in case of a runaway and they are not affected much by back EMF in case of abrupt stopping of the motors or cutting the power.
For switch mode power supplies another circuit is needed to short the drive power rails with a relay and a resistor used to dump the stored energy or back EMF. There was a nice schematics on the geckodrive website, but the picture is missing :
www.geckodrive.com/support/servo-drives/...chanical-e-stop.html

===For AC or DC 3phase brushless systems
-- a mains switch,
circuit breaker/s ( single or 3 phase ),
-- they already have plenty of protections included so the only important thing is having Linuxcnc disable the drives on any error, especially on feedback errors, limit switches wired to the drives also when possible as it does not allow spining on towards the side the switch is tripped. Also most have dump resistors or have terminals for them, can not run away in case of a failure or the power stage.

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