Looking for a replacement or way to fix my smoked turret encoder on the CHNC II

Try Acetone, or nail polish, preferably in the 10-15% range.
Be aware that if you do find that concentration, it eats almost everything.
Nail polish is pretty safe to try, and if you get it on other stuff just rinse it.

seems to be the same board as the one in this post:
forum.linuxcnc.org/30-cnc-machines/1276-...-lathe?start=18#2114

Your damage seems more extensive, looks like you need to replace both caps and the resistor beside it as well as the diode beside the four green resistors.

[edit]
A destroyed diode may also indicate that the board was hooked up with reversed polarity which may mean more damage to the LM324 and possibly even the hall sensors.

[edit2]
Also you may want to remove the worst of the burnt part of the pcb because that might give you issues due to insufficient isolation.

Upper right, are those 5 pins at the edge?
If yes, there was a voltage regulator once, god rest its soul.
the remains of a diode and i can not make out what the "to the left" part is.

Aciera, do you mean physically cut that part of the board away?

yes, after that you can solder the new parts onto the traces on the edges of the cut out areas.
If you want you can reconstruct the board with epoxy but you may want to get the board working first.